Dharamraja
Dharamraja
Dharamraja
Museum of Himalayan Arts

Dharamraja

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Image: Dharamraja
Artist: Master Locho

The largest and central-most figure in this painting is the Yama Dharamraja, who is a protector also known as the King of the Law of Cause and Effect. Dharamraja is part of the Wrathful Enlightened Protectors who protects spiritual aspirants during times of vulnerability. These protectors can nourish religious commitments and guard Buddhist schools. Dharamraja has three forms, the outer, inner and secret. In this painting, the artist has mainly illustrated Dharamraja in the inner form, which includes four attendant figures, white as peaceful, yellow as increasing, red as powerful, and blue as wrathful. In traditional artistic depictions, wrathful deities can have one or any combination of four different gazes: blazing, summoning, angry, and subjugation. The particular painting has included both the blazing and subjugation gazes in order to give the deity power to overthrow and petrify ignorance. The artist has decided to include many gruesome images in this painting because they are meant to show that evil forces are conceived by the consciousness but can be overcome.

The large, centermost Yama Dharamraja holds in his left hands a skull-cup and in his right hand a vajra-handled chopper. He is adorned with a long necklace of severed heads, a garment of tiger skin, a crown of five skulls, and gold jewelry. His beard, eyebrows, and three eyes are painted and shaded in pure gold. Similarly, the flames and blazing hair are painted in gold and shaded and outlined in cinnabar. The artist has taken care to paint his eyes as bloodshot in order to show his vigilance and compassion for all beings.

The artist has included these four attendants in the painting, one in each of the four corners. Each of these attendants are naked except for a long necklace of severed heads. The powerful red attendant was painted with red cinnabar and outlined and shaded in gold. In his left hand he holds six jewels, and in his right, he holds a bowl of blood. The yellow increasing attendant was painted with yellow ochre and outlined in gold. He holds a victory banner that symbolizes the overcoming of the powers of evil.The peaceful white attendant holds a damaru drum in his right hand and a divination arrow in his left hand. The artist used a natural white powder to paint his body. The dark blue attendant holds a bone stick and lasso in his hands. The female Chamundi embraces him while offering a skull cup full of blood.

This painting was completed by Master Locho and his assistant Lobsang Tsaten over two years with pure gold, turquoise, cinnabar vermillion red, azurite blue, ultramarine blue, malachite green, orpiment yellow, and earth white (calcium carbonate white chalk) on black canvas.